Who was still living in Themar?

On 1 September 1939, as German forces were pouring over the eastern border into Poland, Klara Müller put pen to paper to describe the comings and goings of Themar’s Jews to her son Willi in Palestine. “Dear Willi,” she wrote:

I have just written to Meinhold, so now it’s your turn. You will receive this letter when dad is back. He has accompanied Herbert to Dresden. Herbert wants to try to get his visa. Lothar [Frankenberg] is in Berlin and obtained his visa and Herbert Gassenheimer is already in England. […] Herbert [Müller, Willi’s brother] has his passport. Norbert [Müller] is on his way to England. His people [Sebald and Laura Müller and their daughter lived in Nürnberg] want to visit us, I think. Mani-Rhina [Manfred Nussbaum] likes London. I already told you that Käthe [Nussbaum Wurms, who lived in Amsterdam] has a little daughter. I’ll keep you up to date when dear Dad is back again. I do not know how long this card will take to reach you because the mail is pretty unreliable right now. Now I want to write to old grandma {Bertha Nussbaum, Klara’s mother] who has no other entertainment but the letters and cards from her relatives.

Eighty years later, Klara’s and Max’s letters and postcards to their sons help to reconstruct the Jewish community of Themar as World War II began. It is definitely a challenge: the best estimate at this time—20 August 2019—is that at least 50 members of Themar’s Jewish families were living in Themar and 3 members in nearby Marisfeld. This number is derived from documents in the Themar City Archives and evidence from the Jewish families such as the letters of Max and Klara Müller.

Two documents in the City archives of particular interest are dated 27 September 1939 and 6 October 1939. The memo of 27 September 1939 identified Jews who were in Themar in early September but left Themar on that date. The official list of 6 October 1939 identified 33 Jews in Themar on that date and included the names of two men who had left on 27 September—Markus Rosenberg and Max Steindler. The explanation: The men taken to forced labour camps such as Neundorf were worked to exhaustion and then allowed to return briefly to their homes for respite, before being sent off again to hard labour.

The official list of 6 October 1939 excluded the Jewish-Christians in Themar such as Erna Haass, née Kahn, who converted to Christianity, and her twins with Hermann Haass, Johanna and Günter; the daughter of Adolf Kahn, and the sons of Louis and Olga Walther. This exclusion was but a snare and a delusion: other official documents indicate that the Nazi regime considered them Jewish and would definitely include them in its rapidly escalating antisemitic policies.

Unofficial documentation identifies individuals who were in Themar in early September but left before 6 October; Walter Rosenbaum, for example, left in mid-September for a Hachshara training program in Blankenese near Hamburg; Klara Müller sent the news to her son Willi in Palestine on 18 September 1939.

The map below is based on numerous documents both in the City and Family archives.

See as well:
World War II and the Jewish Families of Themar
Who was still living in Themar in September 1939?
Who was in Britain on 3 September 1939?
World War II and Enemy Alien Tribunals in Britain
Kindertransport Program (page under construction)
The Kitchener Camp Program (page under construction)

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2. Bahnhofstraße 23: Hugo Grünbaum, his wife Klara (nëe Schloss), and their daughter Else Neuhaus, her husband Arthur Neushaus and 5-year-old daughter Inge.
3. Bahnhofstraße 3/5: Max Müller I, and his wife Frieda Müller (née Freudenberger), and daughter Marta.
4. Markt 8: Selma Stern (née Schloss), her sister Rosa Schloss, her daughter Elli Plaut and 4-year-old granddaughter, Hanna Karola Plaut.
5. Römhilderstraße 11: Max and Alma (née Heimannsohn) Bachmann
6. Leninstraße 20: Berta Frankenberg (née Rosenthal), widow of Nathan Frankenberg; sisters Sara Frankenberg and Meta Krakauer, née Frankenberg; Klara Frankenberg (née Bauer) and her daughter Paula Frankenberg. As well, Norbert Sander, the son of Hilde Sander (née Frankenberg), lived with his relatives.
7. Leninstraße 10: Paula Müller (née Steindler), her mother Nanny Steindler (née Rindsberg) and her brother Max Steindler.
8. Schulstraße 9: Sisters Carolina Mayer (née Eisenfresser) and Klara Eisenfresser; sisters Frieda Wolf (née Mayer) and Nanett Levinstein (née Mayer)
9. Schulstraße 3: Markus and Else (née Kahn) Rosenberg, Julius Rosenberg and his wife Else (née Pabst) and 5-year-old daughter Lotte Rosenberg; and cousin Herbert Kahn.
10. Schulstraße 1: Erna Haass and her twins, Johanna and Günter.

Notes:
• We do not know where the Walther family lived.
• The three people who lived in Marisfeld were Jacob and Hulda Kahn, the parents of Herbert Kahn, and Isaak Kahn, an uncle.

JEWISH FAMILY MEMBERS IN THEMAR SEPTEMBER 1939

THEMAR FAMILIE	FAMILIE	GEB.	VORNAME	GEB. JAHR	GEB. ORT	TOD JAHR	TOD ORT
BAER	BAER		Samuel	1827	Marisfeld	1883	Themar
BAER	BAER	Walther	Jette	1830	Marisfeld	1909	Themar
BAER	BAER	Baer	Karolina	1854	Marisfeld	1934	Themar
BAER	BAER	Baer	Rickchen	1856	Marisfeld	1920	Hibu
BAER	BAER (STERN)		Hedwig	1858	Marisfeld	1948	Berlin
BAER	BAER		Selig	1861	Marisfeld	1934	Meiningen
BAER	BAER		Hulda	1863	Marisfeld	1918	Berlin
BAER	BAER		Albert	1867	Marisfeld	1918	unk
BAER	BAER		Max	1869	Marisfeld	1916	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG (MÜHLFELDER)	Frankenberg	Amalie	1862	Marisfeld	1934	Meiningen
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG (WERTHEIMER)	Frankenberg	Emma	1855	Marisfeld	1912	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG	Hermann	Jette	1826	Henrichs	1903	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Jonas	1776	Marisfeld	1876	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Löb	1816	Themar	1894	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Louis	1865	Marisfeld	1934	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG (KRAKAUER)		Meta	1866	Marisfeld	1955	Dinslaken
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Nathan	1853	Marisfeld	1920	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG	Neuberger	Regine	1780	Mühlfeld
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Samuel	1859	Marisfeld	1936	Schleusingen
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Sara	1857	Marisfeld	1941	Themar
FRANKENBERG	FRANKENBERG		Nathan	1853	Marisfeld	1920	Themar
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		J		Bibra
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		Samuel	1837	Bibra	1892	Themar
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER	Stein	Lotte	1840	Marisfeld	1889	Themar
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER (MARCUS)		Emma	1863	Themar	1932	Halle a.d. Saale
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		Simon	1863	Themar	uk	USA
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		Bernhard	1865	Themar	uk	USA
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		Julius	1869	Themar		NY
GASSENHEIMER	GASSENHEIMER		Ernst	1870	Themar	1942	Riga Ghetto
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Noah	1841	Walldorf	1901	Themar
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Löser	1837	Walldorf	1904	Themar
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM	Bergmann	Johanna	1841	unk	1917	Altenburg
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Bertha	1867	Walldorf	1942	Theresienstadt
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Sophie	uk	Walldorf	uk	uk
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Noah	1841	Walldorf	1901	Themar
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM		Hugo	1868	Walldorf	1942	Theresienstadt
GRÜNBAUM	GRÜNBAUM	Friedmann	Minna	1844	uk	1872	Themar
HOFMANN	HOFMANN		Lippmann	1826	Marisfeld	1904	Themar
HOFMANN	HOFMANN	Sachs	Fredericka	1831	Berkach	1917	Jena
HOFMANN	HOFMANN		Erich	1864	Marisfeld
HOFMANN	HOFMANN		Salomon	1869	Marisfeld	1945	Auschwitz
MÜLLER	MÜLLER		Salomon	1802	Bauerbach	1902	Themar
MÜLLER	MÜLLER	Friedmann	Karoline	uk	Marisfeld	uk	Themar
MÜLLER	MÜLLER		Mayer	1849	Marisfeld	1907	Themar
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS		Gabriel Levi	1810	Marisfeld	1891	Themar
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS	Schloss	Babette	1841	Marisfeld	1887	Themar
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS		Otto	1837	Berkach	1904	Bamberg
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS		Simon Gustav	1864	Themar	1916	Nürnberg
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS	Sachs	Hedwig	1866	Themar	1943	Theresienstadt
SCHLOSS/SACHS	SACHS		Betty	1871	Themar	1876	Themar
SCHWAB	SCHWAB		Abraham	1860	Marisfeld	1937	Themar
SCHWAB	SCHWAB		NUK
SCHWAB	SCHWAB		NUK
WALTHER	WALTHER		Abraham	1827		uk	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Abraham Selig	1835		1857
WALTHER	WALTHER		Alfred	1871	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER	Landecker	Babette	1839	Marisfeld	1894	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Hermann	1862	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER (KAHN)		Hulda	1860	Themar	1929	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Josef	1866	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER	Kahn	Judith	1828
WALTHER	WALTHER		Julius	1863	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Julius	1867	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER	Jacob	Karoline	1810		1859	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Leopold	1861	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Linna	1867	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER	Samuel	Lotte	uk	Sülzdorf
WALTHER	WALTHER		Louis	1859	Themar	1931	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Louisa	1865	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Mayer Moses	1836	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER	Frank	Malchen	1836	Walldorf
WALTHER	WALTHER		Moses	1866	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		NUK	1866	Themar	1874	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Olga	1870	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Rickchen	1857	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Samuel Löser	1829	uk	1885	Themar
WALTHER	WALTHER		Selig	1860	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Selig Abraham	1800	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Selig Sigmund	1860	Marisfeld
WALTHER	WALTHER		Selma	1862	Marisfeld
WANGENHEIM	WANGENHEIM		Chaim Heinemann	1815	Marisfeld	1891	Themar
WANGENHEIM	WANGENHEIM	Hoffmann	Sophie	1832	Marisfeld	1897	Themar
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Mendel	1808	Marisfeld	1873	Themar
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER	Guttmann	Sarah	1826	Gleicherwiesen	1885	Themar
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Abraham	1859	Marisfeld	1926	Coburg
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Louis	1855	Marisfeld	1902	Themar
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Julius	1864	Marisfeld
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Minna	1862	Marisfeld	1947	Brooklyn, NY
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Albert	1866	Marisfeld	1938	Plauen
WERTHEIMER	WERTHEIMER		Leopold	1866	Marisfeld